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Buddhism
The Diamond Sutra (Sanskrit ???????????? ??????????????????? Vajracchedika-prajñaparamita-sutra; Chinese ????????? or short ???, pinyin jingang bore boluómìduo jing or jingang jing; Japanese kongou hannya haramita kyou or short kongou kyou; Korean ???????? (????????), or ??? (???) for short; Vietnamese Kim cuong bát-nhã-ba-la-m?t-da kinh or Kim cuong kinh; Tibetan (Wylie) ’Phags pa shes rab kyi pha rol tu phyin pa rdo rje gcod pa zhes bya ba theg pa chen po’i mdo; "The Sutra of the Perfection of Wisdom of the Diamond that Cuts Through Illusion") is a short Mahayana sutra of the Perfection of Wisdom genre, which teaches the practice of the avoidance of abiding in extremes of mental attachment. A copy of the Diamond Sutra, found sealed in a cave in China in the early 20th century, is the oldest known printed book, with a date of 868. The Diamond Sutra, like many sutras, begins with the famous phrase "Thus have I heard" (??? ??? ???????, eva? maya srutam). In this sutra the Buddha has finished his daily walk with the monks to gather offerings of food and sits down to rest. One of the more senior monks, Subhuti, comes forth and asks the Buddha a question. What proceeds from there is a lengthy, often repetitive, dialogue regarding the nature of perception. The Buddha often uses paradoxical phrases like "What is called the highest teaching is not the highest teaching".[1]
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