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Civil law or Romano-Germanic law or Continental law is the predominant system of law in the world, in which an abstract code of law rules, which judges apply to the various cases before them. It is often distinguished from common law, in which abstract rules are derived from specific cases. Civil law has its roots in Roman law,[1] Canon law (Christian, especially Catholic law) and the Enlightenment, alongside influences from other religious laws such as Islamic law.[2][3][4] The legal systems in many civil law countries are based around one or several codes of law, which set out the main principles that guide the law. The most famous example is perhaps the Napoleonic Code, although the German Bürgerliches Gesetzbuch (or BGB) and the Swiss Civil Code are also landmark events in the history of civil law. The civil law systems of Scotland and South Africa (which both coexist with common-law systems) are uncodified, and the civil law systems of Scandinavian countries remain largely uncodified.[citation needed][dubious – discuss] The so-called Socialist law is often considered to be a particular case of the Romano-Germanic civil law, though in the past it was sometimes classified as a separate legal system.[citation needed] The civil law system is based on Roman law, especially the Corpus Juris Civilis of Emperor Justinian, as later developed by the Middle Ages.[5]
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