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In linguistics, a calque (pronounced /kælk/) or loan translation is a word or phrase borrowed from another language by literal, word-for-word (Latin "verbum pro verbo") or root-for-root translation. For example, the common English phrase "flea market" is a phrase calque that literally translates the French "marché aux puces".[1] Going in the other direction, from English to French, provides an example of how a compound word may be calqued by first breaking it down into its component roots. The French "gratte-ciel" is a word-coinage inspired by the model of the English "skyscraper" — "gratter" literally translates as "to scrape", and "ciel" translates as "sky". Used as a verb, "to calque" means to loan-translate from another language so as to create a new lexeme in the target language.
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