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Akkadian (lišanum akkaditum) or Assyrian-Babylonian[1] was a Semitic language (part of the greater Afro-Asiatic language family) spoken in ancient Mesopotamia. The earliest attested Semitic language, it used the cuneiform writing system derived ultimately from ancient Sumerian, an unrelated language isolate. The name of the language is derived from the city of Akkad, a major centre of Mesopotamian civilization. Attested since the later 3rd millennium BCE and in continued use throughout the 2nd millennium BCE, its use declined from the 8th century BC or so, and it was largely extinct during the Hellenistic period. Akkadian is divided into several varieties based on geography and historical period[2] The Akkadian Empire established by Sargon I introduced the Akkadian language (the "language of Akkad") as a written language, adapting Sumerian cuneiform orthography for the purpose. During the Middle Bronze Age Old Assyrian and Old Babylonian period, the language virtually displaced Sumerian, which is assumed to have been extinct as a living language by the 18th century BCE.
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